The Paudi Bhuyan are a major section of the Bhuyan tribe which are found in Bihar, West Bengal, Assam and Bihar. The Paudis mostly inhibit geographically isolated areas like thick forest and hill slopes. They speak local Odia with a different accent. They practice slash and burn type rotation cultivation. They carry on food gathering and hunting in the forest. {The youth dormitory "Darbarghar" is built at the center of the village for unmarried boys. The unmarried boys keep their Changu hung on the walls and grains are ept on a raised platform in the corner of the dormitory. Mostly 5 to 20 families constitute a village. The Paudis keep their houses neat and clean plastered with cow dung and red earth. Each family maintains a kitchen garden. The house is divided into three sections with the inner section being used to store grains, middle for cooking and sleeping. Paudi Bhuyans mainly use earthen vessels, palm leaf mats and bamboo baskets. The patch unde shifting cultivation is known as Biringa. Pulses, Millets are grown in various years. After the land is left fallow it comes under the control of the village. The livestock of the Paudi Bhuyan consists of cow, buffalo, goat, sheep, fowl etc. They are not good in trading hence they exchange their agricultural and forest produce for their daily necessities.

The Bondas unique style of personal apperances differntiate them from rest of the world. Bonda men wear a narrow strip of loin cloth. It is the women's attair that is so remarkable. A taboo backed by legends prevents them to cover their upper bodies. They make up this deficiency by wearing heavy necklaces of beads and brass. The only short strip of loin cloth women use is called as 'Nadi'. The Bondas live in small thatched huts. Their livelihood supplimented by animal domestication and seasonal forest collections. The Bonda villages are traditionally autonomous. Social order is maintained by a set of traditional functionaries -Naik- the village chief , Challan- the organiser of village meetings, the Barik- the village messenger. In sharp contrast to their aggressiveness the Bonda have finer aspects of life that finds expression in their age old tradition of dance and music.

The Didayi belongs to the Proto-Australois racial stock.  They speak a language which has been included under Austro-asiatic language family. The Didayis are found only in Odisha. As a discrete ethnocultural group the Didayi is largely biologically sel-f perpetuating: shares fundamental cultural values' realised in overt unit in cultural forms; makes up a field of communication and interaction ; and a membership which identifies itself , and is identified by others , as constituting a category different from other categories of the same order. In Odisha Malkangiri constitutes the highest numbers of Didayi. The Didayo do not live in isolation. Their culture is perfectly in tune with their physical environment, but cultural nexus enjoys precedence over environment. In the ecological system the Didayi culture safeguards the interest of the people, acts as safety valve and accelerates adaption to changing situations with necessary coping mechanisms.